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| Perfect Modals Prepositions Pronouns |
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Perfect Modals
The primary perfect modals used in English are Could have,
Must have, and Should have. Could have (or might have) is
used to express
a event that could have occurred but didn't.
Mike could have had an accident. Jane could have gotten hurt.
Mike
didn't have an accident, and Jane didn't get hurt. But
because of some prevailing circumstances it could have
happened, but didn't. Must have
is used to express an
opinion that we believe is true.
He must have forgotten. Maria must have come late.
When
we say He must have forgotten, we are not sure he forgot.
But we believe this to be true. Should have is used to express opinion after an event regarding
obligation or necessity.
Paul should have gone to the doctor. You should have called me.
Prepositions
There are many prepositions in English. Below are many that
you should know. Try to memorize the prepositions and the situations
in which to use them.
Prepositions of Movement
| Go across the bridge. | She walked along the river. |
| Walk around the building. | They're running down the hill. |
| He's going into the building. | He's coming out of the building. |
| Drive past the university. | I'm going to work. |
Prepositions of Location
| My apartment is across from the river. | Please stand behind the yellow line. |
| The shop is below our window. | The shop is between the bank and the cinema. |
| The bus stop is nearby. | She is standing next to Bob. |
Prepositions of Time and Function
| What are you talking about? | She's about twenty years old. |
| I went to a restaurant after work. | I'll be there at 2:00. |
| Lucy won't be here before 9:00. | I have to leave by 5:00. |
| I go to work by car. | She'll be here for two weeks. |
| This letter is for you. | I got a package from my parents. |
| I have to work in the morning. | We haven't seen him since Friday. |
Pronouns
There are five English pronouns.
| SUBJECT | ADJECTIVE | POSSESSIVE | OBJECT | REFLEXIVE |
| I | my | mine | me | myself |
| you | your | yours | you | yourself / selves |
| he | his | his | him | himself |
| she | her | hers | her | herself |
| it | its | its | it | itself |
| we | our | ours | us | ourselves |
| they | their | theirs | them | themselves |